Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating early risk identification to improve prevention and management strategies. Traditional risk ...

Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are intricate mathematical models, drawing inspiration from the biological nervous system, and offering intelligence alongside nonparametric capabilities.

Abstract: In federated learning, non-independently and non-identically distributed heterogeneous data on the clients can limit both the convergence speed and model utility of federated learning, and ...