Abstract: Machine learning (ML) has been instrumental in solving complex problems and significantly advancing different areas of our lives. Decision tree-based methods have gained significant ...

Introduction Incidental pulmonary nodules (IPNs) are commonly encountered on chest radiographs (CXRs) performed for routine clinical indications and may represent early manifestations of significant ...

Abstract: Evolutionary reinforcement learning (ERL), which integrates the evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and reinforcement learning (RL) for optimization, has demonstrated remarkable performance ...