Complexity theory is a fundamental branch of theoretical computer science that categorises computational problems according to their inherent difficulty and the resources required to solve them. At ...

Oracle-based quantum algorithms cannot use deep loops because quantum states exist only as mathematical amplitudes in Hilbert space with no physical substrate. Criticall ...

Those that solve artificially simplified problems where quantum advantage is meaningless. Those that provide no genuine quantum advantage when all costs are properly accounted for. This critique is ...

One July afternoon in 2024, Ryan Williams set out to prove himself wrong. Two months had passed since he’d hit upon a startling discovery about the relationship between time and memory in computing.

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. One July afternoon in 2024, Ryan Williams set out to prove himself wrong. Two months had passed since he’d hit upon a startling ...