In highly competitive industries such as automotive, it is increasingly design that differentiates a vehicle from its competitors. And because automotive manufacturers are pressured to get cars to ...

Compound freeform surfaces are widely used in bionic and optical applications. The manufacturing and measurement of such surfaces are challenging due to the complex geometry with multi-scale features ...

With the continuous advancement of photoelectric performance in major equipment and advanced instruments, traditional optical elements are increasingly inadequate to meet the demands of modern systems ...

A raster expression of a region or one of its eco-environmental properties can be abstracted to a mathematical surface. The mathematical surface is uniquely defined by the intrinsic and extrinsic ...