Between 720 million and 635 million years ago, Earth may have experienced one of ...

Our planet plunged into one of the most dramatic climate states in its long history, approximately 720–635 million years ago.

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Iceland. This area is the boundary between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, which move apart ~ 2.5 cm/year. Subduction and the formation of continents, a ...

Deep within Earth’s mantle lie two enormous regions, often referred to as "islands," which are the size of continents.

Sophisticated analysis of tiny bubbles of ancient gas trapped in volcanic rocks, combined with new geophysical modeling, has cast new light on long-held assumptions about the deep Earth. An ...

Venus is often called Earth’s twin, but the two planets evolved into dramatically different worlds. Scientists believe the explanation may lie in the planet’s geology and the absence of key geographic ...

For over half a billion years, Earth’s magnetic field has risen and fallen in sync with oxygen levels in the atmosphere, and scientists are finally uncovering why. A NASA-led study reveals a striking ...

Scientists at Yale and in Singapore have devised what may be the ultimate acid test — a comprehensive model for estimating the origins of Earth’s habitability, based in part on ocean acidity. The new ...

The Moon may preserve a chemical record of Earth’s ancient atmosphere, and those same materials could one day support future lunar missions.